Security Cable Types for CCTV and Access Control

The correct cable depends on the signal, power requirements, route, and connected equipment. A connector that fits does not establish electrical compatibility. Plan video, network data, reader communications, and lock power as distinct requirements.

Coaxial cable for CCTV video

Compatible analog and HD-over-coax cameras use coaxial cable to carry video to a DVR or another supported device. Coax has a central conductor, dielectric insulation, and an outer shield. Match the cable impedance, construction, connectors, and distance to the equipment specification. Cable loss and poor connections can affect the image.

Read the coaxial CCTV cable guide before reusing an existing run.

Siamese cable: video and separate power

Siamese cable places a coaxial video cable and separate power conductors together for convenient routing. The power pair still requires a compatible supply. Do not assume every camera uses 12 VDC: verify voltage, current, polarity, conductor size, and voltage drop for the actual camera and cable length.

Ethernet cable for IP equipment

Twisted-pair Ethernet cable carries network traffic between compatible cameras, switches, and recorders. Power is also possible when both the source and device support the required PoE method. Choose the category, construction, connectors, and environmental rating for the complete channel.

See Ethernet cable selection and PoE power planning.

Fiber for network links

Fiber can support network connections where distance or electrical isolation makes it appropriate. Match fiber type, transceivers, connectors, and optical budget. Fiber itself does not supply electrical power, so remote switches and cameras need a separate power plan.

Access-control wiring

Door contacts, readers, request-to-exit devices, and locks can require different conductor counts, gauges, shielding, or communications cable. Use the controller and device wiring specifications. More conductors do not automatically mean greater power capacity.

Composite access-control cable bundles several cable types in one jacket. It is useful only when each component meets the connected device’s requirements. Lock power and door-release wiring must follow the approved design and applicable life-safety requirements.

Installation checks

• Identify each device and its data and power requirements.
• Calculate route lengths and check voltage drop where applicable.
• Select suitable environmental and fire ratings for the route.
• Follow separation, grounding, and bonding requirements.
• Use compatible connectors and label each cable.
• Test the complete installed system, not just cable continuity.

Explore access-control systems or return to the CCTV FAQ.